The Viability of African Nations Amid Crime, Corruption, And Instability

Nigeria and Ghana, two of West Africa’s economic powerhouses, face significant challenges that test their long-term viability.

Nations of Africa

3. Jun 2025

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The Viability of African Nations Amid Crime, Corruption, And Instability

The Viability of Nigeria and Ghana Amid Instability and Corruption

Nigeria and Ghana, two of West Africa’s economic powerhouses, face significant challenges that test their long-term viability. Political instability, corruption, and insecurity have long hindered progress, yet both nations show resilience and potential for growth when governance and economic policies are prioritized.

In Nigeria, systemic corruption remains a critical barrier. The African Development Bank estimates corruption drains $10 billion annually from African economies, with Nigeria historically ranked among the most corrupt nations. Despite initiatives like the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission securing over 3,000 convictions and recovering $105 million from 2023-2024, entrenched elite networks and mismanagement of oil wealth fuel distrust and economic stagnation. Insecurity, including over 10,000 deaths from violence in two years and 450,000 displaced in Benue alone, exacerbates economic woes, with inflation hitting 24.5% in 2023. Yet, Nigeria’s vast population, natural resources, and growing service sector offer hope if governance improves and anti-corruption measures strengthen.

Ghana, by contrast, boasts greater stability, ranking higher in political stability and ease of doing business. Its economy is projected to grow 4.3-5.4% in 2025, driven by gold exports and IMF-backed reforms. Programs like the Ghana Productive Safety Net Project have supported 350,000 households, reducing poverty and enhancing social services. However, corruption persists, with Ghana scoring 42/100 on the 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index, though faring better than Nigeria’s 26/100. Recent judicial reforms and infrastructure investments, including 111 new hospitals, signal progress.

Both nations face regional challenges, including coups in neighboring countries and rising extremism in the Sahel, which threaten coastal stability. Public support for democracy remains high—nearly 70% across Africa prefer it—but dissatisfaction with governance fuels unrest. Nigeria and Ghana can enhance viability by strengthening institutions, combating corruption, and leveraging resources like Nigeria’s oil and Ghana’s gold. Regional cooperation through ECOWAS and African Union initiatives, alongside international partnerships, is vital. With sustained reforms, both countries can harness their potential to overcome instability and build prosperous futures.

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